Can I call this train a girl / a lady / a woman ?

Sometimes people refer to boats/trains/cars as “she”. But never a woman.

No. Referring to vehicles as "she" is a thing (not super common, at least not any more) but it doesn't extend to referring to said vehicles as girls or women.

Yes and no. An inanimate object is never called a "woman." But... because American English is so varied: "This little lady can go from 0 to 60mph in 4 seconds flat!" when talking about a car "She's been steaming ever since 1906" when talking about a boat "That girl's been my pride and joy ever since I first bought her in high school" (talking about a car, in this case)

Calling vehicles female is a personal affection thing. It's more for referring to your own vehicle (be it a car, train, boat, bike) in a loving way. "This is my old car. She's a classic beaut". The other scenario is personification in stories.

“Woman” is only used for human beings

I woudnt know what you were referring to if you said that

In French a train and a wagon are masculine words. A locomotive is a feminine word. I know I'm not especially helping, just wanted to say that.

I can see how it would make sense since we call them "she" sometimes but I've ever heard anyone do that, native speaker or learner. It could be interesting to use in a poetic/literary context where we personify things all the time, but I think it would be confusing outside of that.

Generally, no. Sometimes people can refer to vehicles as she/her in an affectionate way and it's common for boats and ships to be considered feminine. However, in your example, it looks like the train is a character rather than an object. For that reason, it's being addressed as "she" rather than because trains are inherently considered women.

When anthropomorphize any object, I do tend to use lady as it is a little bit more formal. In this case, you can call the train any of those you want, a girl, a lady or a woman would all technically be correct. Many earlier vessels were called with it because men would stay on them for months at a time. This isn’t quite the issue it used to be.

No. In English there is no gender for inanimate objects like there are in French, the train can only be referred to as ‘It’.

That train has a face so I assume it's a character. If so, "she" is fine if the character is a she.

Vehicles are sometimes affectionately referred to with markers indicating the female gender. In my experience it is mostly men who do this, but I believe I have known some women who referred to their cars as "she" as well. Don't think I've ever observed this with male gender markers.

No. You can use feminine pronouns with vehicles, but normally not any of the words you listed. You might use them in poetry or a creative writing project, but not normal speech or in day to day or formal written contexts.

Germans would say "HE"

No. It is similar to ships always called "she." But totally them a woman would be incorrect. Since it is not actually a person. I sometimes more confusingly use male gendered language calling a random object "this guy." But it call it a man or "he"would be inaccurate.  A man who loves his car might call it his "old girl" but never a woman. 

This looks like a page from "The Little Engine that Could". If so, the train can talk and has a personality, and so can be gendered.

I mean, ot looks like there is a face on it, meaning the train has human characteristics. If it has a name as well, I would not think twice about it if you referred to it as a girl.

Depends. If you’re on a lower level of English it would most likely be considered a mistake because “it” is expected from a lower level English learner

Could we English speakers please stop referring to inanimate things as she??

I agree that cars/train/boats are usually ‘she’ out of fondness. I also agree ‘lady’ and ‘girl’ can be used, but ‘woman’ is only human women. My car is a ‘she’ But most of my dad’s cars (that he’s actually named, anyway), have been ‘he’

It appears this is an anthropomorphic train, and as such, she can have a gender

Not really. There’s the thing where cars/boats ect are sometimes called she as some form of endearment, (”she runs and drives like a dream!”) but that’s not at all what’s going on in the illustration. This looks like the book The Little Engine That Could, so there are male and female gendered train characters in this book. Thinking of lots of other books or shows, it’s rare for the characters to be called anything (woman, lady, girl) despite having been assigned gender pronouns and characteristics. Somehow Thomas the Train is a “he” but he’s not a boy train or man train, just a train. You *could* say it, but it seems odd. “This book is about a girl train” sounds the least awkward, with “next they ask a man train for help” being the most awkward. Maybe that’s because a lot of the time characterizing/anthropomorphizing objects happens most commonly in kids' media. Kids’ stories often have child characters, and children often call even grown adults “boys/girls” so maybe that’s why calling a object character “man” or “woman” sounds so strange. Also if you say just “girl” or “woman” etc. without some context, people will always assume you mean a human. If you said “the girl in this book” I would wonder what in the world you're talking about because it’s about a train. “The main character is a girl train” makes sense albeit still weird over just saying “train”

Sometimes people refer to trains/cars/boats as her, but this is a child's book so the train is personified.

Some people do gender objects in English (boats, cars, trains, musical instruments, some other things might be called she/her, although nobody calls them women, because they aren’t women). But keep in mind that this book was written in 1930. Attitudes towards women and gender in general have shifted for many people in the almost 100 years since then, so it may seem funny, quaint, sexist, weird, or just obsolete to do that now. Depends on the attitudes of the people you are talking to.

You would never refer to a train with gendered pronouns, but this page looks like it's from a children's book. The train has a face, and can most likely talk, too. That's what makes the train a "she."

This specific train appears to be alive with an expressive face, so you could call her that.

"Woman" *always* refers to a human. "Lady" too unless someone is being comedic about an animal "that horse is a feisty lady." People will often call animals girls/boys. However, you would never refer to any inanimate object as any of these words. (Well, some old people who are very attached to their boat might say lady/girl but thats pretty odd. And NEVER "woman") Referring to a vehicle by she/her is kind of old-fashioned so most of the time just use "it" (Side note, the fact that "woman" always refers to a *human* is why most women greatly prefer it over referring to women as "females." Since saying something like "females do X and Y" sounds like you're referring to a group of animals.)

Ive saw this pratice sometimes, but is kinda confusing, I’m a Latino native speaker, and we dont have something like it so is he or she in portuguese, so every teacher says that using he or she for a object or thing is wrong, for me is still confusing

This specific train engine is The Little Engine that Could, a famous talking train engine from a childrens book. She is a girl. Woman refers to an adult female human. This train engine is female, a girl, a lady if you want, but she’s not human. Regular, non talking, train engines and other machines are sometimes referred to with she, girl, or lady. Ships too. The train engines in this childrens book are gendered, some are male and some are female.

Vehicles can be described using female pronouns but not nouns for female humans, so no.

Vehicles (cars, boats, planes) tend to be (mostly but not exclusively) referred to by girl names, so yeah that should be fine

Girl or lady would be most appropriate. It is common for large machines or vehicles to have feminine pronouns and nouns in English